BiMaps

Guava part 1 - MultiMaps

Next up on my tour of Guava, is the BiMap, another useful collection type. It's pretty simple really, a BiMap is simply a two way map.

Inverting a Map

A normal java map is a set of keys and values, and you can look up values by key, very useful, eg lets say I wanted to create a (very rudimentary) British English to American English dictionary:

Map<String,String> britishToAmerican = Maps.newHashMap();
britishToAmerican.put("aubergine","egglant");
britishToAmerican.put("courgette","zucchini");
britishToAmerican.put("jam","jelly");

But what if you want an American to British dictionary? Well you could write some code to invert the map:

    // Generic method to reverse map.
    public %lt;S,T> Map<T,S> getInverseMap(Map<S,T> map) {
  Map<T,S> inverseMap = new HashMap<T,S>();
  for(Entry<S,T> entry: map.entrySet()) {
   inverseMap.put(entry.getValue(), entry.getKey());
  }
  return inverseMap;
 }

It'll do the job, but there's several complications you might need to think about.

• How do we handle duplicate values in the original map? At the moment they'll be silently overwritten in the reverse map.
• What if we want to put a new entry in the reversed map? We'd also have to update the original map! This could get annoying.

BiMaps

Well, guess what? This is the sort of situation a BiMap is designed for! And here's how you might use it.

BiMap<String,String> britishToAmerican = HashBiMap.create();

// Initialise and use just like a normal map
britishToAmerican.put("aubergine","egglant");
britishToAmerican.put("courgette","zucchini");
britishToAmerican.put("jam","jelly");

System.out.println(britishToAmerican.get("aubergine")); // eggplant

BiMap<String,String> americanToBritish = britishToAmerican.inverse();

System.out.println(americanToBritish.get("eggplant")); // aubergine
System.out.println(americanToBritish.get("zucchini")); // courgette

Pretty simple really, but there's a few things to notice.

Enforcing uniqueness

Firstly the BiMap enforces uniqueness of it's values, and will give you an illegal argument exception if you try to insert a duplicate value, ie

britishToAmerican.put("pudding","dessert");
britishToAmerican.put("sweet","dessert"); // IllegalArgumentException.

If you need to add a values that has already been added there's a forcePut method that will overwrite the entry with the duplicate value.

britishToAmerican.put("pudding","dessert");
britishToAmerican.forcePut("sweet","dessert");  // Overwrites the previous entry
System.out.println(britishToAmerican.get("sweet")); // dessert
System.out.println(britishToAmerican.get("pudding")); // null

The inverse method

The other crucial thing to understand is the inverse method, this returns the inverse BiMap, ie the a map with the keys and values switched round.

Now this inverse map, isn't just a new map, such as my earlier reverseMap method might have created. It's actually a view of the of the original map. This means that any subsequent changes to the inverse method will affect the original map!

americanToBritish.put("potato chips","crisps");
System.out.println(britishToAmerican.containsKey("crisps")); // true
System.out.println(britishToAmerican.get("crisps")); // potato chips

So that's the BiMap, like I said pretty simple. As usual there are several implementations available, and as ever I recommend taking a look at the full API documentation: http://guava-libraries.googlecode.com/svn/tags/release09/javadoc/com/google/common/collect/BiMap.html

Next up, Multisets!

Guava part 3 - Multisets